Innovative Conjugation Strategies in Atherosclerosis: Charting New Pathways in Lipid-Lowering Therapies From a Pharmacological Perspective

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is driven by lipid accumulation and inflammation within arterial walls. While statins have been pivotal in managing this condition by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, limitations such as statin intolerance and genetic variability highlight the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Conjugation synthesis, which involves the chemical linkage of statins with polymers, nanoparticles, or bioactive molecules, represents a promising strategy to enhance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents. This approach improves drug solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, resulting in superior low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction, enhanced plaque stabilization, and reduced systemic side effects compared to traditional statins therapies. Studies have shown that polymer-based and nanotechnology conjugations not only optimize drug delivery but also minimize adverse effects, potentially transforming the treatment landscape of atherosclerosis. As research advances, these next-generation therapies have the potential to provide more personalized and effective treatment options for patients.